During the middle ages the western part of presentday niger formed part of the songhai empire, established during the 7th century by berbers, and had accepted islam by the 11th century. For the duties of the council, see council of ministers of niger current council of ministers. The movement for the emancipation of the niger delta is one of the largest militant groups in the niger delta. Adding to the shortage of textbooks and teachers in many. Decentralization has a long history in niger, since the first attempts to decentralize were made more than 30 years ago. Niger history through extensive archaeological research, much evidence has been uncovered indicating that man has been present in northern niger for over 600,000 years. He was also, or had been at the time of his trip to niger, saddam husseins ambassador to the vatican. This extraction causes massive damage to the environment. The country gained its independence from france on august 3, 1960. He is the author of fundamentals of nigerian business history 2007 and the editor of leadership challenge. About 77 % of the land area is in the sahara desert, where rainfall is only 150 mm per year cnedd 2005. In the north is a desert that runs into the sahara. With a population of only 18 million people over a land area of 1. The songhai empire expanded its power from its center in gao during the period 14651530.
The capital is niamey, and the official language is french. See also the history of africa and the history of west africa. Oil production became important in the 1960s, but the biafra conflict and the civil war between 1967 and 1970 delayed further expansion. The book then embarks on a close assessment of the advent of british imperialism in the western niger delta. Its drainage basin is 2,117,700 km 2 817,600 sq mi in area. He was the brother of my louche gay partkurdish friend, the bynow late mazen. The book then embarks on a close assessment of the advent of british. In niger, a west african country where at least 90 percent of the population practices islam, protests turned into riots in which some 68 christian churches, schools, and orphanages were burned. Trade and politics in the niger delta, 18301885 acls. The history of the niger delta in the period under survey is to some extent an introduction to the economic and political history of nigeria. Ancient rock engraving showing herds of giraffe, ibex, and other animals in the southern sahara and africa niger. Samuel johnson 18461901 was an anglican minister and historian renowned for his magisterial history of the yoruba people.
The new edition has been updated in accordance with the revised syllabus for 2010. Before the merger of borgu local government with the state, in 1991 the 1963 national population census stood at 1,194,508. Nigeria is a famous country with more than one hundred and forty million population. The first independent government was formed by a coalition of northern and eastern political parties, with nnamdi azikiwe as the president and abubakar tafawa balewa as prime minister. The private sector of the economy consists partly of a multitude of small enterprises and partly. Niger republic, political and economic environment history. It is surrounded by algeria and libya to the north, chad to the east, nigeria and benin to the south, and burkina faso and mali to the west.
Controversies surrounding the 2007 presidential election. This region became from the sixteenth century the main centre of the african trade with europeans in the gulf of guinea. With the release of the 1991 population figure by the federal government in 1992, niger state has 2,482,367 people. The current system of governance, since the constitution 18 july 1999, is termed the fifth republic of niger. The constitution aims to create sustainable democratic institutions. Before and after the 1960 nigerian independence the educational system at the primary and secondary levels mirrored the british system, i. Cia world fact book, 2004niger wikisource, the free. Pdf history of the urhobo people of niger delta is the most. Niger simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Niger is a country in africa that has an ancient history, and most of modern civilization can trace its roots back to this area. Rainfall increases as one proceeds southward so that the country divides naturally into three distinct. However, reforms could prove difficult given the governments bleak financial situation. The national police, under the ministry of interior, are responsible for urban law enforcement. It operates the presidential system of government with three distinct but complementary arms namely the executive, the legislature and the judiciary, each acting as a check on.
This report is based on fieldwork carried out in the niger delta in march and april 2008, as well as desk research and f. The parc national du w du niger is a unesco world heritage site. Political infighting brought the government to a standstill and in 1996 led to a coup by col. A former british colony, nigeria became independent on september 30, 1960 and a republic on october 1, 1963. Site from the paris office of the niger delegation to unesco. Trade and politics in the niger delta, 18301885 acls history ebook project reprint series oxford studies in african affairs dike, kenneth onwuka on. In niger, christian and muslim leaders push harder to. History of niger, culture of niger, religion in niger. Cia world fact book, 2004niger wikisource, the free online. History the areas making up niger state today comprised the old nupe and kontogora kingdos, abuja now suleja with link to the famous kingdom of zauzau and a host of other.
The area around lake chad has been inhabited since at least 500 b. The remaining 23 % of the land area in the southern part of the country is home to a. Niger, officially the republic of niger, is a landlocked country in western africa, named after the niger river. Niger state shares boundaries with kaduna and plateau states in the east and southeast respectively as well as with sokoto in the north and kwara state in the east.
Find the top 100 most popular items in amazon books best sellers. Born in freetown in sierra leone and educated by the church missionary society, johnson was sent with his family to idaban in nigeria in 1857. This page was last edited on 21 september 2019, at 23. The council of ministers in niamey on 15 november approved an amendment to sonatrachs productionsharing contract psc enabling it to carry out appraisal work on the kafra block. When the issoufou government came to power in april 2011, it publicly stressed a commitment to rooting out corruption, and increasing the opportunities for citizens.
List of books and articles about nigerian history online. Enacted as law by referendum following the coup detat of the previous president mamdou tandja which was organized by a junta called supreme council for the restoration of democracy. Niger overview customs and culture diet and recipes language religion interesting facts people government politics geography economy news weather history photos video travel sources home activities united states edition spanish edition french edition german edition sample country glossary. Africa niger the world factbook central intelligence. Nigers political settlement and history of frequent political uprisings casts a shadow. The threat from boko haram and ansaru the henry jackson society 4 about the authors olivier guitta is the director of research at the henry jackson society, responsible for setting the strategic agenda for the research department and overseeing the societys academic focus, as well as conducting his. History before the sahara started swallowing niger around 2500 bc, it supported verdant grasslands, abundant wildlife and populations thriving on hunting and herding. Wikidata item after the publication of iraqs weapons of mass destruction. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Its source is in the guinea highlands in southeastern guinea.
It is a semipresidential republic, whereby the president of niger is head of state and the prime. A brief history of basic intelligence and the world factbook the intelligence cycle is the process by which information is acquired, converted into intelligence, and made available to policymakers. If thats not enough, click over to our collection of world maps and flags. Here, youll discover resources on the continents prominent historical figures, complex racial politics, and turbulent military past. At its peak under askia mohammad i, it encompassed the hausa states as far as kano in presentday nigeria and much of the territory that had belonged to the mali empire in the west. These documents were later shown to have been faked. The niger delta has a long history of violent conflicts over environmental. The death by hanging of ken saro wiwa in 1995 was one of the most poignant events in recent nigeria history and highlights the deep sense of injustice felt by many in the niger delta. The government school were financed entirely through public funds but the private only receive little aid from public fund the 1882 education ordinance was cumbersome to implement in nigeria because the curriculum, the method, and the medium of communication was too foreign for a nigerian child. Africa is the birthplace of humankind and knowing its history is essential for understanding the global society thats grown around it. By at least 4000 bc, a mixed population of libyan, berber, and negroid peoples had evolved an agricultural and cattleherding economy in the sahara. The importance of quality data on child survival 27. Nasarawa, niger, ogun, ondo, osun, oyo, plateau, rivers, sokoto, taraba, yobe and zamfara. Some receive government funding and a few receive funding from the u.
The book analyzes and explains the basic pre history of the universe and how it came into being, the basic dynamics which created life, the basic. Niger gets its name from the niger river, whose name possibly comes from the berber word river of rivers. Aug 01, 2017 niger is an african nations which was colonized by the french. Older accepted studies place the spread of both copper and iron. The state has about 25 local government areas with minna as the state capital, major cities include bida, kontagora, and suleja. A 2002 unesco published study suggested that iron smelting at termit, in eastern niger may have begun as early as 1500 bc. Nigeria under umaru musa yaradua and goodluck jonathan.
Economics of land degradation and improvement in niger. It tends to monotony in its features, is intersected by numerous depressions, and is dominated by arid highlands in the north. Long out of print, this book brings together oral traditional evidence and all other available historical material including the work of the eminent historian of the niger delta, kenneth owuka dike. Niger became independent from france in 1960 and experienced singleparty and military rule until 1991, when gen. Niger government, niger politics, niger economy, niger security, niger democracy. The first title in a planned series of classic texts, written and published in africa, on the history and culture of the niger delta. However, unforeseen environmental change altered the social make up of niger, and complex societies were gradually changed into nomadic clans that still populate the landscape today. How we measure reads a read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title. Lake chad, from which the country gets its name, lies on the western border with niger and nigeria. This book reconstructs the movements history, paying attention to how its doctrine in teracted with the changing environment around it. History of niger, culture of niger, religion in niger, republic of niger, niger. It runs in a crescent through mali, niger, on the border with benin and then through nigeria.
It is a semipresidential republic, whereby the president of niger is head of state and the prime minister of niger head of government. F ossils and artifacts in niger testify to a long period of human habitation, and both roman and later arab historians described contact and trade with the region. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. History of boko haram founded in the muslimdominated northern nigeria in 2002 by mohammed yusuf, boko haram was originally labeled as the nigerian taliban because of its ideology and methods. Democracy in 1999, following the death of general abacha, the military regime ended with nigerias first civilian democratic parliamentary and presidential.
The major oil companies operating in the niger delta are as summarised in table 1. The economic system is based upon planning but accords an important role to private enterprise. By victor ojakorotu and lysias dodd gilbert introduction violence has been defined by the world health organizations who world report on violence and health as. Sonatrach announced a discovery earlier this year on the block, which runs up to the algerian border. The government of niger is the apparatus through which authority functions and is exercised. The following is a list of political ministers in the current government of the republic of niger, as of 29 june 2009. Information is raw data from any source, data that may be fragmentary, contradictory, unreliable, ambiguous, deceptive, or wrong. Political leadership and corruption in nigeria since 1960. Apr, 2012 however, reforms could prove difficult given the government s bleak financial situation. History of the urhobo people of niger delta also probes the arrival and impact of. The path of splitness is a major nonfiction work that will rock the scientific world it is 2,766 pages.
The islamic state in west africa or the islamic states west africa province abbreviated iswa or iswap, formerly known as jamaat ahl assunnah liddawah waljihad arabic. Geographical and historical treatment of niger, including maps and a survey of its people, economy, and government. The history and culture of pakistan has been written specifically for students taking the university of cambridge international examinations cie pakistan studies 205901, o levels. Niger documents wikisource, the free online library. Baseball has been cracking down on steroid use with more. Understanding the context of oil violence in the niger delta of nigeria. Geographical, historical and political profiles of nigeria 1. The gendarmerie, under the ministry of defense, has primary responsibility for rural. Niger s economy is based largely on subsistence crops, livestock, and some of the worlds largest uranium deposits. Pdf history of the urhobo people of niger delta researchgate. Checkmating the resurgence of youth militancy in the niger. Will be used for general storage activities, such as storage of books or stationery. Its neighbors are niger, libya, the sudan, the central african republic, cameroon, and nigeria. There was a 6% increase in the number of nigerian students studying at u.
The country is africas most populous, with more than 200 million people. In 1960 the then government decided to launch a decentralization process on the assumption that it was a necessary condition for the long term restructuring of the economy. View the new experience and read this book on fulcrum. Infoplease has everything you need to know about nigeria. Ruins of the trade oasis of djado in northeast niger. Ali saibou was forced by public pressure to allow multiparty elections, which resulted in a democratic government in 1993. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of niger government 2020 information contained here. Africa niger the world factbook central intelligence agency. He has published articles in several books and learned journals both locally and abroad. Upper senegal and niger was a french colony, established in 1904 as part of the governmentgeneral of west africa, which, with the adjacent military territory of the niger, comprised the territories of the presentday states of niger, mali, and burkina faso. The great extension of islam within the area of presentday nigeria dates from the nineteenth century and the consolidation of the caliphate.
The book is organized chronologically, dividing boko ha rams career into five phases. Petroleum was discovered by shellbp in 1956, following half a century of exploration. Niger, becoming independent in 1960 after the dissolution of french west africa, has to wait longer than other french colonies in the region before even lip service is paid to the principles of democracy. The assessment of the british government, also known as the september dossier, the following documents were found alleging transactions between niger and iraq. During the 19591960 period, the french government banned all political parties except the.
Hamani diori, who served as prime minister prior to niger s independence, became the countrys first president, serving until 1974, when he was ousted by a coup. Brigi rafini minister of state for the interior, public safety and decentralization. Long after the desert pushed those populations south, niger became a fixture on the transsaharan trade route. Overview of mali history and independence thoughtco. Niger delta, oil wealth, ethnic militia, content analysis, corporate. It was formed in 1976, situated in the north central geopolitical zone with the largest landmass covering about 86,000km2. Niger extends for about 750 miles 1,200 km from north to south and about 930 miles 1,460 km from east to west.
They date back as far as the 5th century bc, when communities living around the southern slopes of the jos plateau make wonderfully expressive terracotta figures in a tradition known now as the nok culture, from the nigerian village where these. The nigerian government has contracts that allow international companies to extract crude oil in the delta. The article will attempt to give you a quick rundown on this west african nation, here goes a list of 50 important facts about niger that cover its history, culture, economy, people, military, wildlife and. This finding, which would be of great importance to both the history of niger and the history of the diffusion of iron age metalworking technology in all of subsaharan africa, is as yet contentious. Each state of nigeria, named in the first column of part i of the first schedule to this constitution, shall consist of the area shown opposite thereto in the second. The three main policy objectives are the maintenance of national unity, the elevation of the living standards of the population, and the attainment of economic independence. Policy successive administrations have described the u. Nigerias niger delta region is not only home to the greater part of africas largest. Available records on the history of the political development of nigeria since independence have shown that the reins of government has always fallen into the hands of. Governance and oil politics in nigerias niger delta.